Organizational Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organizational Knowledge - Essay Example Other than this, in this competitive scenario, the essence of retailing changed adversely and gave rise to a centralized market situation where the rate of exchanged is extremely high as compared to others (Feldman, 2003). In this market, metal coins and paper notes are also exchanged for other goods which enhanced the scope and extent of retailing to a high extent in the recent decades. Side by side, introduction of online stores also enhanced the range of total sales in retaining sector in today market scenario (Moser &Vander, 2003). However, in spite of huge advancement, the Retail Management sector presented numerous interesting challenges that gave rise to more innovative solutions. The most vital and noteworthy issue that is hampering the portfolio of the sector of retaining is commoditization. It is a trouble-some issue that arose a few decades before that mainly highlights price wars and fierce competition among the rival players of the market. Due to which the position and b rand image of numerous reputed organization operating successfully in this segment is experiencing massive downfall resulting in reduction of the profit margin and total sales of GameStop Corporation of US. As a result, the position of GameStop Corporation in the markets of US is reducing at a significant extent, which is quite insignificant (Moser &Vander, 2003). ... This cause also marked a significant downfall of the position of US among other big players around the globe (Moser &Vander 2003). Detailed background information of the issue of commoditization described above Historical Origin of the problem: Due to the entrance of numerous new entrants, the extent of competition aroused, resulting in the problem of commoditization in the segment of retailing. Other than this, as entry in this segment do not require huge rate of investment and so it’s quite easy for the new entrants to enter it (Moser &Vander, 2003). As a result, the segment became extremely aggressive and the rate of switchovers also increased to a significant extent (Nonaka & Nishiguchi, 2001). In case of pricing problem or lack of trendiness, the customers immediately shift over towards other brands resulting in loss of prospective customers and profit margin as well (Moser &Vander, 2003). In order to cope up with this problem, I instructed my juniors and other administra tive officials to maintain a competitive margin of the products so as to retain the customers towards their brands and products. Along with this, I also decided to introduce ad present more concentration in introducing varied types of innovative designs and features in the products lines so as to make the customers attracted towards their products as compare to other rival players (Moser &Vander, 2003). Otherwise, they might not be able to maintain a sustainable position in the market among other players (Tsoukas, 2005). This proved quite successful for the organization thereby amplifying the profit margin (Moser &Vander, 2003). Proposed Solution Not only this, according to Cooper, (1999), to maintain the portfolio of the products, just like the other retailers I also tried to implement the

14-year old girl was found unconscious near Expo Center Essay Example for Free

14-year old girl was found unconscious near Expo Center Essay KARACHI: An earthquake of magnitude 4.6 on the Richter scale rocked the coastal city of Karachi and adjacent areas late on Monday night. According to the seismic center, the epicenter of the quake was 10 kilometers deep in Hub, Balochistan he police on Monday night identified those six deceased people whose bodies were found dumped . Khan was strangled to death by unknown people along with his wife Nadia Amer and three sons Roman Khan, Adam Khan and Haider Khan and his 24-year-old servant. According to sources, Ameerullah Khan, a millionaire, was the the owner of real estate worth millions of rupees in Peshawar. Reportedly, he was not only engaged in a dispute with his brother and brother-in-law over the ownership of the property but was also receiving threats from land mafia. KARACHI: Eid-ul-Azha today (Tuesday) is being celebrated in Saudi Arabia besides Gulf, European, Far Eastern countries, US and Europe, Eid-ul-Azha will be celebrated in Pakistan tomorrow Wednesday, while the Pakistani expatriates in US and Europe like our northern areas would also be celebrating two eids, as some of them slaughtering sacrificial animals on Tuesday, while others would be doing so on Wednesday. See more: Sleep Deprivation Problem Solution Speech Essay ISLAMABAD: Pakistani troops early Tuesday morning responded to the unprovoked firing by Indian forces across the Line of Control (LoC) and reduced them to silence, The sources further said that Pakistans tit-for-tat retaliation forced the enemy to retreat to its bunkers. LONDON — Malala Yousafzai, the Pakistani schoolgirl who wasshot in the head by the Taliban for her advocacy of girls’ education, was awarded the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought on Thursday by the European Parliament. Ms. Yousafzai was chosen as the winner of the $65,000 Sakharov Prize by the heads of the political groupings in the 766-member European Parliament. LONDON — The Pakistani police arrested Pervez Musharraf, the nation’s former military ruler, on Thursday, opening a new criminal prosecution against him that frustrated plans by his supporters to fly him out of Pakistan. Muhammad Rizwan, a senior Islamabad police official, told reporters that Mr. Musharraf would remain under house arrest at his villa outside Islamabad, where he has been confined since April. It is not clear, however, whether the court order represents a major obstacle to Mr. Musharraf’s plans to leave Pakistan, or a temporary one. deadlysiege of the Red Mosque in Islamabad in 2007. A Pakistani court granted bail on Wednesday to Pervez Musharraf, the country’s former military ruler, clearing the way for him to leave the country as early as Thursday, his lawyers said. Mr. Musharraf, 70, has been under house arrest at his villa outside Islamabad since April, facing criminal charges in three cases related to his nine years in power, from 1999 to 2008. Mr. Musharraf had already been granted bail in two of the three cases, and the decision on Wednesday to grant bail in the third — related to the death of Akbar Khan Bugti, a Baluch nationalist leader killed in a military operation — opens the door for him to avoid prosecution entirely. Mr. Musharraf’s lawyers said that his bail payment of $20,000 could be processed as early as Thursday morning; he could then leave Pakistan immediately.

The Leadership Of Shakh Zayed Bin Sultan History Essay

The Leadership Of Shakh Zayed Bin Sultan History Essay Introduction During history there were many bright models of leadership that can be considered and analyzed to represent the successful leadership. Years ago United Arab Emirates has born many successful leaders such as Shakh Zayed Bin Sultan AL Nahyan. This report will identify who was Shakh Zayed Bin Sultan AL Nahyan and why I chose him as a successful leader. After that report will crucially analysis and evaluate his leadership and will shed some light to his leadership style. Report also will discuss the characters to rule his country. Finally report will go through his weaknesses and draw the conclusion. Zayed Bin Sultan AL Nahyan (1918 2004) Profile According to Mitera (2007) Shakh Zayed Bin Sultan AL Nhahyan was born in Emirate of Abu Dhabi in 1918. Shakh Sayed was the grandson of a ruler who contributes to establish of the AL Nhyan family in Abu Dhabi Sheikh Said Bin Halifax AL Nahyan. He becomes ruler of Emirate of Abu Dhabi in 1966 after the waiver of his eldest brother Shakh Shakhabot to him in 1966. Then in 1971 he elected as Unite Arab Emirates president. When he was child, Shakh Zayed studied the holy Koran, portray, some basic Arabic language and Islam roles because that time only this kind of education was available. Shakh Zayed had marry 8 wifes during his life (according to Islam rules a man allow to marry 4 wife only but in this case because of some of them where died) he left In addition to his wifes 19 boys when he pass away In 2004. Why Shakh Zayed not other? Im concern in reading history, sharply history of Gulf country; during my reading a good example of leader take my attention Shakh Zayed who was the greatest ruler of United Arab Emirates in the Arab history. Shakh Said had made UAE a stronger, wealthier and grater state, he had given his country a new poison in international relation and final achievement which make hem the grater leader during Arab history. He had successfully combined seven Emirates in one country named United Arab Emirates. The age of Shakh Zayed the grandson of the one of creator of the AL Nhayan family in the Emirates, is considered one of the most successful eras that UAE saw in the 20th century, if not the most successful ever, even with the many difficulties he faced while building the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and the UAE as well over years of ruling. Historians considered that the personality of Shakh Said was definitely one of the main personalities of the AL Nahyan family, who played a crucial role in the Emi rates history and the Gulf. During Arab history Shakh Zayed can be considered as one of the most important number in modern and contemporary for the following reasons: He is successfully combined 7 emirates in on country named United Arab Emirates. The respect that he commanded from rulers of Europe, Asia, Africa, and the USA. He apply diplomacy rather than military force within a very delicate balance to achieve his goals to maintain the independence of UAE Island (Abu Musa and Greater and Lesser Tunbs) when Iran occupied it. His policy was based on sensible diplomatic skill that made UAE one of the important Arab countries ever during his rule. His ancestry where unlimited. He donated to many countries in Asia and Africa like ( Palestine, Lebanon, Kosovo and may others ) He changes UAE from place of desert to green paradise. His confidence in protection of the environment due nothing to modern fashions. Analyzing the leadership of Shakh Zayed Leaders are group of people with extraordinary features they are able to shape events and change the circumstances. According to these words our leader has an inherited leadership. Huczynski Buchanan (2007) has stated that there are number of leadership theories such as trait theory: Trait theory: believe on a leader is born not made (Huczynski Buchanan, 2007). Our leader has ascribed to his grandfather Shakh Zayed Bin Halifax who was one of who state of AL Nahyan family who had rolled Emirate of Abu Dhabi from 1855 to 1909, (Macmillan, 1997) and from his father Shakh Sultan Bin Zayed how also ruled Abu Dhabi from 1918 to 1926 (Macamillan, 1997). Consequently, to gain experience Shakh Zayed appointed in 1946 as a ruler of AL Ain Town (Tamam, 1971). The traits theory focused on initiative, intelligence, good health, confidence, control, ect. However the theory shape that people having these traits do not necessarily doing good leadership. (Huczynski Buchanan, 2007). Doing an assessment to the life story of any the Leader we should refer to the time he was living and situation of his beginning. When Shakh Zayed father pass away he was at the a go of ten years and it was difficult to ruled but later he was un happy with the ruling way of his brother Shakhbut, how ruled Abu Dhabi from 1928 to 1966, and didnt made any changed to his peoples, (poor and hunger remained same). Where he can be a slayer but he preferred to maintain life and authority. He understood that leadership skills can be erudite developed and enhanced; this man can develop into a leader in the group by reaching his goals. Posts linked with the select of target and find ways to reach the objective. In 1966 and according to Mitera (2007) the time of grandson of the ruling AL Nahyan was starting in Abu Dhabi to bring the brighter time that Abu Dhabi expected during the 20th century. According to the historian Shakh Zayed was one of the most famous facts in his family that ruled, he played major role in Abu Dhabi, UAE, Gulf, Arab and the word. Has an active ruling not nominal, Shakh Zayed discovered that his predecessors had on Abu Dhabi, kind of sovereignty ambiguous, his prescience was able him to make real sovereignty by combining those struggle emirates in one joined and powerful county that Arab saw. Traits theory according to Huczynaki Buschanan (2007) has number of personal traits such as confidence, intelligence and control. Shakh Zayed success combines a leader as this theory, on this aspect the successful leader is able to combine conventional characters and skills gained in the leadership and inborn from his father and grandfather as well. Also he verifies that as a leader, he is able to expand the feature and add experience. Mitera (2007) has describe Shakh Zayed as modest leader because of his attractive personality which attracted hem and raise respect, loyalty and bring citizens satisfaction. When he passes away President George W. Bush describe him He was a great leader, a statesman (Gulf News). According to Stewart Crawford British Resident, Bahrain from (1968 1968), Shakh Zayed was handsome man, moderate, strength, love portray and hunting, has good character, debonair and of abroad vision. (Mitera, 2007). Shakh Zayed has combing character and minimalist mixed in his actions as the situation, compassion, tolerance, an acumen, cruelly, firmness, violence and revenge. This characterized make him loved and frightens at the same time, many and varied aspect of his personality. His effected behaviors during his Golding period which more than 85 years moved into his property in Emirates made him believed that the leader can be affect by a group of his subordinates and he focuses on it. In the last days of his rule he preferred justice as much as possible in Emirates so that can oversee his country very well, this also delivered his relationship with the Emirates tribes leaders and kings of others countries. This can be finding it clear in when he sign board agreement with his neighbors. Shakh Zayed has create comfort for this followers in working environment, he was interesting on satisfying their need by giving them opportunity to participate and indecision making also he provides him with procedures and clear expectation. In the other hand he set to satisfy their subordinates goals, helping them to develop their confidence and reassure them their leader. Historian like Mitera (2007) has described Shakh Zayed simplicity by a person how wearing simple cloths, sit-down with his people hearing them, dance with them which it was difficult to distinguish between him and any other citizen. According to Arthir Lamb, British Residency who had the opportunity to meet Shakh Sayed Said, the good example of reverence and pity, simple and modest and he was far from the dominance, egotism and estrangement. Walfar Tesgar or as they called him in Arabic Mubarak Bin London has described hem in his book Sand in Arabian Island Zayed a strong man in his thirtieth of age, clever, simple and quiet (Tamam,1981). He went by himself to congratulate his people in marriage parties and gives consolation on death. To maintain his Emirates, Shakh Zayed had been able to enhance his internal relationship as will to manage his international relationship with some Arabian and European countries likes Brittan, KSA and Oman. In 1971 according to (Gulf News) when Britain left the gulf he sign friendship agreement with them representing his country and Sir Geoffry Arthur represent Britain. He was completed by circumstances to reach to sign border agreement with Oman, (Asharq Alawasat News Paper, 2002), to developed friendly relationship with neighbor. In addition to that his extensive agreement exchange with KSA. By achieving this goal, Shakh Zayed has distanced his country from connecting in such international problems. Shakh Zayed had expanded this country economy to step where UAE was getting many of its impotents from word economy. This policy was based on his realistic diplomatic skill that made UAE one of the most important country and this can be find it clear from what Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi said the late president succeeded with outstanding leadership in the social and economic development of the country. (Gulf News). A leader find a way to change, Shakh Zayed eventually change his country from desert without any kind of life to green oasis surrounded the threes and water from everywhere he said a drop of water in the desert equals a beating pulse.(Gulf News). After the successful transition from unknown country to a source of political, social, economical in Arab word. As leader to his follower he has well-known the desert very well, this makes him will Known as Shakh of Desert(Miatra, 2004). He said I believe one who does not know his past will not understand the present, nor will he be able to prepare the future.(gulf News). To build up his relationships with some influential country like Britain and France he attends international conference about offshore oil. Most historians have praised the wise leadership in the leadership of his country. A leader how concern about his citizens and after that journey he remember later how impressed he had been by the level of education and medicals that these country retch, becoming strong-minded that his citizens should have the same benefit from that facilities he said the asset of any advanced nation is its people, especially the educated ones, and the prosperity and success of the people are measured by the standard of their education.(Gulf News). benefiting from hate of conspiracies, Shakh Zayed steady his cabinet of UAE to make him able to maintain the independence of his country balance of using diplomacy over military force in order to reach its objectives. Effectively he coordinates between the parties in his country to guide their work to wand to achieve the goals and promote the highest level of performance effectiveness. According to Mitera (2007) Zayed has overcome the obstacles and personal conflicts between the royals of Emirates which required from him permanent contact with the constantly reminded the motivation for cooperation which create a team spirit integrated united goals and aspirations. Shakh Zayed was a dealer who has not have that large of military force, only his survival in power was to receive the consent of people and leader. He has taken a new approach in giving the mandate more power of authorities from occupied force. As prince rather than money collector he tried to improved his citizens income and this can be find it clear from what he said the money has no valve if not used to serve the citizen (Mitira, 2007) so he involve in distribute some of country income to his populations like Marry Fund aimed to help youth to reduce marry expenses. A man who harmonized with nature. This achieves him to focus on conservation of nature and environment which become one of key elements of government policy. This has approved by the massive programme of planting 150 million trees. Shakh Zayed Leadership Style Huczynski Buchunan (2007) has divided the leadership style into three types: Autocratic style, (where a leader compact the authority), Democratic style, (a leader in valves followers in decision making, encourage participation in deciding work methods and goals, given a authority and take feed back to control followers), Fair style, (giving follower kind of freedom to make decision and to decide on their work). As required by the state and politics that time, Shakh Zayed might be collecting Democratic style, because he inclined more approach democracy in the meeting with seven emirates rulers and advisers, he also open this door to see the public. He didnt decline any citizens want to meet him individually. The citizens consider him as a father rather than a ruler. He used to received people by kindness and listen to their complaints (www.uae.org.br/_PDF/zayed.pdf), he was effective solving-problems and effectively decision making spicily when crises acquired in the country, he was not hesitate to move quickly to solve any problem happen. According to Tamam (1981) Shakh Zayed was smiley leader he uses to receive his people in smiley face, on other hand he was astringent in dealing with things that effect equity which makes his family and followers afraid from hem. As far as we knew that UAE become wider this expands need responsibility and control. Aiming that Shakh Zayed has utilized his subordinates to achieve his style, so he authorized governors appointed by administration areas. When he left the country for some circumstances and as sort of encouragement to his pray minister he delegate hem to administrate the government of UAE and his brother Halifax to responsible Abu Dhabi. The charismatic Of Shakh Zayed The power settled to the leaders and varies in contact and reach spread sources of leadership. Leader need to have skills based on his behavior and characters. Successful leader need to have some skills to insure the success of its function. Leader likes working: A man in nature is lazy, but this not in shape our leader how was starting his day early morning driving his car by himself avoiding any corteges to see a project her and there, in many times when he return back home he stopped to lesion his peoples problems this was to gave his follower a good example of loving work to achieve their responsibilities. Dominated by followers who are wishing to work, he retained the eminent personalities to choose advisers and ministers who assist referees in the carry out of the country (Tamam, 1981). A leader who discover and train leaders: as a trainer, supervised by hem he trained the possible of each subordinates member this find interest and self-belief use to help him to carry out his duties. According to Tamam (1981) Shakh Zayed preferred choosing a powerful and strong leader to manage the please after that he gives them enough authorities and opportunities to build up themselves using their experiences and learn from their mistakes. Organizing responsibilities: Shakh Zayed distribute the responsibilities between his subordinates as aspiration, competencies, capabilities and expertise to be able to rule his country Tamam (1981) and leader suspended direct efforts to reach the goals. Dealing with problems: maybe some negative problems that might happen in the country but he has his own ethics to quell the problems, he expects the troubles before it occurred so he do not have to put down after it rise. Observation: Shakh Zayed beloved that one of the most important leader duty to observe his followers. This makes his duty easy for giving orders to supervise the implementation. Cooperation with other leaders: Shakh Zayed ties with GCC Leaders who was marked by reserved mutual respect and because of this respect he was successful lead the first meeting of GCC Conceal in Abu Dhabi. All leaders were in confrontation with who to develop their countries. His Weaknesses: So far and as a leader who has that grate of loved by this citizen and respect from word leaders I cant find any weaknesses but if we considered that number of boys that he left it might they fight for power. Conclusion It is helpful to end this report by saying that, Shakh Zayed was great, smart and successful leader has high ethics, sample and loved by his people. During his ruling period, Abu Dhabi and United Arab Emirates combined, grown and developed. Guided by the wisdom foresight of its president. The result has been the creation of modern state with high infrastructure as well as heath an education. References Asharq Alawasat News Paper, 23 June 2002 issue No.8608 Burke, W., Litwin, G. (1992). A causal model of organizational performance and change. Journal of Management, 18(3), 523-545. Goleman, d. and Boyatzis, R. (Sep. 2008) Intelligence and Biology of Leadership, Harvard Business Review, 74 78. Grint, K. (April 2008). Leadership, task and relationship. Human Resource Management Journal, 18, 188 195 Gulf News, Wednesday, November 3, 2004. Sheikh Zayed Passes away House, R. J., Aditya, R. N. (1997). The social scientific study of leadership. Quo vadis? Journal of Management, 23, 409-473. http:// www.uae.org.br/_PDF/zayed.pdf date of access 24/02/2010 Huczynski, A. and Buchanan, D. (2007). Organizational Behavior. 6th edition. London: Prentice Hall Kotter, J. P. (1990). A forceful change: How leadership differs from Management. New York: Free Press. Macmillan.J, (1997).United Arab Emirates Year Book 1997. London: Trident Press Ltd. Mitera. J (2007). Zayed From Challenge To Union (Arabic Copy), Center for Documentation Research Abu Dhabi, UAE Posner, Kouzes, (2003). The Leadership challenge. Third edition Tamam. H (1981). Zayed Bin Sultan Leader and Demonstration (Arabic Copy).2nd edition. Tokyo. Die Neebon Press Ltd.

Imagination and Literature Essay -- Literature Essays Literary Critici

Imagination and Literature      Ã‚   The importance and influence of imagination on the creation and critique of literature varies between and within various artistic eras. Originally seen as an aberrant function of the mind, imagination was subservient to the powers of reason and order. Art involved mere replication of the real, a craft rather than an unique act of creation. Beginning as early as Aristotle, however,   human imagination has been linked to the power and value of art. The ascendancy and, in some eras even superiority, of imagination as a potent mental faculty gave birth to new critical enterprises bent on articulating the manner, motivation, and merit embedded in art and the artistic process. By tracing the development of this basic literary concept, it may not be possible to discover a coherent and universal idea of imagination that has evolved throughout history. However, such an inquiry could lead to a better understanding of how the ideas and attitudes about imagination from one age enter i nto an informative and influential dialogue with others. From the rational and pragmatic critics of the Enlightenment to the expressive and Romantic critics of the Nineteenth Century, we can begin to formulate a synthetic rather than absolute understanding of imagination.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though Aristotle first created room for imagination by expanding the expressions of a poet from the actual to the possible "in accordance with the laws of probability or necessity", it was not until much later that the capacity and power of imagination was adequately explored. Imagination was seen as a turbulent, unpredictable, but potentially beneficial force which must be refined and kept within the bounds of reason to pragmatic critic... ... each definition of imagination we have discussed struggles to be independent while simultaneously remaining intertwined to the preceding critical traditions.    Works Cited Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. "Bibliographia Literaria" The Critical Tradition. Ed., David H. Richter, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.    Hume David. "Of the Standard Taste" The Critical Tradition. Ed., David H. Richter, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.    Johnson, Samuel. "Rambler, No. 4" The Critical Tradition. Ed., David H. Richter, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.    ---. "Rasselas, Chapter 10" The Critical Tradition. Ed., David H. Richter, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.       Shelley, Percy Bysshe. "A Defence of Poetry" The Critical Tradition. Ed., David H. Richter, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.

Project Scope Statement

Scope Statement Section headings listed in gray font appear in both the Project Charter and the Scope Statement. Project Title: Web Site Enhancement Project Project Manager: Xin Tao Project Description (see Project Charter) Business Objectives †¢ A new company web site is proposed to best support the company’s mission to provide a complete recreational experience to the guests, including elegant meals, relaxing living quarters, and extensive recreational options such as golf, tennis, spas, gyms, night clubs, and excursions to local towns and areas of interest. Increase market share by 50% within two years of launch by providing on-line queries and reservations of rooms, on-line booking of guest services. †¢ Increase revenue by 25% within three quarters post-launch by tapping into a larger customer base accessible through internet sales. †¢ Avoid risk that some of the hotels will have to be closed within two to three years as pressured by other larger hotel chain s. †¢ Increase customer satisfaction by 25% among the existing customer base by becoming more technology-oriented, as measured via customer satisfaction surveys taken over the two-year period following the new web site launch.Project Objectives †¢ Allow technology team gain more experience in more sophisticated web technology, which is expected to reduce web site maintenance cost by 20%. †¢ Use effective project management techniques consistent with the company standards. †¢ Integrate the new company web site well with existed systems: the Reservation system and the Guest-Services System. Project Scope Description Q The new web site has a user friendly graphical interface, which shall allow user to do queries, reservations, browsing and booking easily.The new web site is enhanced to interact with existed systems: a Reservation System and a Guest-Services System. It has the capabilities to read data from and save data to those systems. The new web site shall displ ay results according to users’ requests. Requirements †¢ The new web site shall be accessed by popular web browsers, including Microsoft IE, Firefox, Mozilla and Netscape. †¢ The new web site shall run on a Linux based server. †¢ The web server software, which the new web site uses, shall be Apache. The new web site shall be a secure Internet site. †¢ All major credit cards will be accepted by the new web site. †¢ VeriSign will be the credit card processing vendor. Project Boundaries Out-of-Scope features discussed but not implemented at this time:†¢ Users can have additional payment methods besides credit cards, for example, Paypal and Google Checkout. †¢ Users can get invoice in a PDF format. †¢ Users have the capability to cancel a transaction even after it is done. †¢ Users have the capability to remove particular service even after it is booked. Users can ask for refund if booked price is higher than the current price. Project Deliverables (see Project Charter) Project Acceptance Criteria †¢ Delivery of the web site by the end of August, 2006 †¢ The new web site shall provide on-line queries and reservations of rooms, on-line booking of guest services †¢ The new web site shall operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. †¢ Expenditures on the project not exceeding $900,000 †¢ Reduce web site maintenance cost by 20%.†¢ Increase revenue by 25% within three quarters post-launch Increase customer satisfaction by 25% among the existing customer Project Constraints (see Project Charter) Project Assumptions (see Project Charter) Project Roles and Responsibilities (see Project Charter) Initial Defined Risks †¢ Because the management team is still somehow hesitant to embark on the project, the project could be canceled. †¢ Because funds for this project are coming from marketing budget of the marketing team, funds may be reduced if marketing team cannot control its budget wisely . Because the project requires more technical resources to be hired, which are scarce due to the red hot technology market, the new web site may not be launched on time. †¢ Because the project has a cost constraint of $900,000, an inferior web site may be developed, resulting in a poor quality that fails to realize its sales targets. †¢ Because the project has a time constraint of 10 months, the web site may not be tested thoroughly, leading to an unstable web site. †¢ Because the project requires the deployment of new hardware, shipment delay of the new hardware would lead to the project behind schedule.Schedule Milestones (see Project Charter) Cost Estimate (see Project Charter) Project Parameter Ranking |Parameter |Ranking (1,2,3,4) |Comments | |Time |1 |The sponsors hope that the new web site can be up and running, accepting | | | |online reservations and queries within 10 months before the start of the | | | |new peak season.Missing the target launching time mean s that the | | | |strategic objectives can not be meet to increase revenue by booking to | | | |capacity at peak times and by expanding peak seasons by marketing year | | | |round points of interest. | |Cost |2 |The budget for the project is fixed at $900,000. |Scope |4 |The sponsors are willing to sacrifice some of the web site’s features in | | | |order to reach the quality, cost, and time goals. | |Quality |3 |Since the company web site would bring significant revenue opportunity | | | |for the company, a stable site is much needed.A buggy web site leads to | | | |low customer satisfaction, which would adversely impact company’s | | | |revenue. | Approval Requirements Tom Ender and Susan Ryan, Co-presidents Mike Muller, Head of the Marketing Team Helen Hui, Head of the Travel & Tourism Susan Gill, Head of the Technology Team ———————– Query Reserve Browse Book Reservation System Interact New web site Users Inter act Display Results Guest-Services System Project Scope Statement Scope Statement Section headings listed in gray font appear in both the Project Charter and the Scope Statement. Project Title: Web Site Enhancement Project Project Manager: Xin Tao Project Description (see Project Charter) Business Objectives †¢ A new company web site is proposed to best support the company’s mission to provide a complete recreational experience to the guests, including elegant meals, relaxing living quarters, and extensive recreational options such as golf, tennis, spas, gyms, night clubs, and excursions to local towns and areas of interest. Increase market share by 50% within two years of launch by providing on-line queries and reservations of rooms, on-line booking of guest services. †¢ Increase revenue by 25% within three quarters post-launch by tapping into a larger customer base accessible through internet sales. †¢ Avoid risk that some of the hotels will have to be closed within two to three years as pressured by other larger hotel chain s. †¢ Increase customer satisfaction by 25% among the existing customer base by becoming more technology-oriented, as measured via customer satisfaction surveys taken over the two-year period following the new web site launch.Project Objectives †¢ Allow technology team gain more experience in more sophisticated web technology, which is expected to reduce web site maintenance cost by 20%. †¢ Use effective project management techniques consistent with the company standards. †¢ Integrate the new company web site well with existed systems: the Reservation system and the Guest-Services System. Project Scope Description Q The new web site has a user friendly graphical interface, which shall allow user to do queries, reservations, browsing and booking easily.The new web site is enhanced to interact with existed systems: a Reservation System and a Guest-Services System. It has the capabilities to read data from and save data to those systems. The new web site shall displ ay results according to users’ requests. Requirements †¢ The new web site shall be accessed by popular web browsers, including Microsoft IE, Firefox, Mozilla and Netscape. †¢ The new web site shall run on a Linux based server. †¢ The web server software, which the new web site uses, shall be Apache. The new web site shall be a secure Internet site. †¢ All major credit cards will be accepted by the new web site. †¢ VeriSign will be the credit card processing vendor. Project Boundaries Out-of-Scope features discussed but not implemented at this time:†¢ Users can have additional payment methods besides credit cards, for example, Paypal and Google Checkout. †¢ Users can get invoice in a PDF format. †¢ Users have the capability to cancel a transaction even after it is done. †¢ Users have the capability to remove particular service even after it is booked. Users can ask for refund if booked price is higher than the current price. Project Deliverables (see Project Charter) Project Acceptance Criteria †¢ Delivery of the web site by the end of August, 2006 †¢ The new web site shall provide on-line queries and reservations of rooms, on-line booking of guest services †¢ The new web site shall operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. †¢ Expenditures on the project not exceeding $900,000 †¢ Reduce web site maintenance cost by 20%.†¢ Increase revenue by 25% within three quarters post-launch Increase customer satisfaction by 25% among the existing customer Project Constraints (see Project Charter) Project Assumptions (see Project Charter) Project Roles and Responsibilities (see Project Charter) Initial Defined Risks †¢ Because the management team is still somehow hesitant to embark on the project, the project could be canceled. †¢ Because funds for this project are coming from marketing budget of the marketing team, funds may be reduced if marketing team cannot control its budget wisely . Because the project requires more technical resources to be hired, which are scarce due to the red hot technology market, the new web site may not be launched on time. †¢ Because the project has a cost constraint of $900,000, an inferior web site may be developed, resulting in a poor quality that fails to realize its sales targets. †¢ Because the project has a time constraint of 10 months, the web site may not be tested thoroughly, leading to an unstable web site. †¢ Because the project requires the deployment of new hardware, shipment delay of the new hardware would lead to the project behind schedule.Schedule Milestones (see Project Charter) Cost Estimate (see Project Charter) Project Parameter Ranking |Parameter |Ranking (1,2,3,4) |Comments | |Time |1 |The sponsors hope that the new web site can be up and running, accepting | | | |online reservations and queries within 10 months before the start of the | | | |new peak season.Missing the target launching time mean s that the | | | |strategic objectives can not be meet to increase revenue by booking to | | | |capacity at peak times and by expanding peak seasons by marketing year | | | |round points of interest. | |Cost |2 |The budget for the project is fixed at $900,000. |Scope |4 |The sponsors are willing to sacrifice some of the web site’s features in | | | |order to reach the quality, cost, and time goals. | |Quality |3 |Since the company web site would bring significant revenue opportunity | | | |for the company, a stable site is much needed.A buggy web site leads to | | | |low customer satisfaction, which would adversely impact company’s | | | |revenue. | Approval Requirements Tom Ender and Susan Ryan, Co-presidents Mike Muller, Head of the Marketing Team Helen Hui, Head of the Travel & Tourism Susan Gill, Head of the Technology Team ———————– Query Reserve Browse Book Reservation System Interact New web site Users Inter act Display Results Guest-Services System

Verbs in -ize and -ise

Verbs in -ize and -ise Verbs in -ize and -ise Verbs in -ize and -ise By Maeve Maddox Graham writes: I suppose being a Brit., I should to use -ise instead of -ize?  For example, realise/realize. I prefer to use  -ize in most cases.  Any rules say I cant? I am pleased to report that British usage and American usage agree on the spelling of the verb realize. Look up â€Å"realise† in the OED and you will be taken to the entry for realize. The spelling â€Å"realise† is, however, a recognized alternate spelling of realize. H. W. Fowler makes it clear that most English verbs that end in -ize or -ise and are pronounced [iz] go back to a Greek ending that contains a z. He points out that although British printers of his time follow the French practice of converting the z to an s in such verbs, the OED and other respected authorities prefer to keep the z. Both Yanks and Brits are allowed to use the -ize ending in most instances, for example: baptize authorize canonize recognize agonize characterize stigmatize methodize patronize womanize popularize philosophize civilize Nevertheless, English being what it is, there remains a small group of verbs that call for the -ise ending on both sides of the Atlantic. These are verbs that, according to Fowler, do not get their -se even remotely from the Greek -izo, must be spelt with -s-† Here are the most common -ise verbs: advertise apprise chastise circumcise comprise compromise demise despise devise disfranchise disguise enfranchise enterprise excise exercise improvise incise premise supervise surmise surprise Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidCapitalization Rules for the Names of GamesHow to Send Tactful Emails from a Technical Support Desk