Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Community Policing Of The London Metropolitan Police District

Community Policing About one hundred and eighty six years ago modern law enforcement begun with the London Metropolitan Police district in 1829. With the creation of this new force, the British hoped to target the increasing rate of crime. Factors in this are the urban growth, unchecked immigration, increasing poverty level, radical political groups, and unsupervised juveniles. A perfect example for traditional American policing derives from principles created by the first chief of the Metropolitan Police, Sir Robert Peel. The said principles include proper training of officers, a thorough recruitment process, police headquarters that the public could access and using statistics to determine if the police are making a change in crime. (CPLLH) The biggest possible change to policing at that time was the creation of â€Å"beats†. Before the year 1829 the police only made an effort towards crime the moment it was reported, and the prevention of crime only happened at almost a com plete accident. Sir Robert Peel designated his officers also known as â€Å"bobbies† to certain areas of the cities they conducted patrols throughout the areas watching for crime. He held them responsible for keeping crime low and preventing it. (CPLLH) Skolnick’s case study became one of the earliest examples of the community policing philosophy. In 1962 San Francisco Police Department created a unit under the concept that the police are a social service to reduce crime and despair in the community. ProblemShow MoreRelatedThe Development of Independent Professional Police Forces and Civil Services940 Words   |  4 Pagesof the criminal justice system: The development of independent professional police forces and civil services The rise of formal police organizations, in contrast to kin-based retribution, was one of the most significant developments of modern civilization. The Romans were the first civilization to have a permanent policing force that was made up of neither mercenaries nor soldiers. The most elite members of the police force were the Praetorian Guard that was specifically entrusted with protectingRead MoreEssay about Community Policing1361 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Policing What is community policing? According to The Committee on Law and Justice, Community policing (problem-oriented policing, neighborhood-oriented policing or community-oriented policing) is a policing strategy and philosophy based on the notion that community interaction and support can help control crime, with community members helping to identify suspects, detain vandals and bring problems to the attention of police. One of the most effective means of involving the communityRead MoreModern Law Enforcement Of The London Metropolitan Police District1231 Words   |  5 Pagesyears ago modern law enforcement begun with the London Metropolitan Police district in 1829. With the creation of this new force, the British hoped to target the increasing rate of crime. Factors in this are the urban growth, unchecked immigration, increasing poverty level, radical political groups, and unsupervised juveniles. A perfect example for traditional American policing derives from principles created by the first chief of the Metropolitan Police, Sir Robert Peel. The said principles includeRead MoreFice Of Community Policing Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesMission statement, The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services of the U.S. Department of Justice describes community policing as, community policing focuses on crime and social disorder through the delivery of police services that includes aspects of traditional law enforcement, as well as prevention, problem-solving, community engagement, and partnerships. The community policing model balances reactive responses to calls for service with proactive problem-solving centered on the causes ofRead MoreEarly Roots of Policing: Sir Robert Peels (1820s) Nine Principles and Their Connection to Modern2467 Words   |  10 PagesEarly roots of policing: Sir Robert Peel’s (1820s) nine principles and their connection to modern day policing Sir Robert Peel is known in the history books as the person who created the first form of an English police department, called the London Metropolitan Police. However, the first acknowledgement of any sort of police department or criminal justice system occurred 1000 years earlier by the English King Alfred the Great. King Alfred the Great came up with this idea when he was preparingRead MoreThe Miami Dade Police Department1387 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract This paper explores all the components that make up The Miami-Dade Police department. From the geographic location of Miami-Dade County to it s citizens and police force. Using both sources straight from the Miami-Dade Police Department s website and other non-departmental sources to explore the inner workings of the department from recruitment, to citizen-police interactions, all the way up to Internal Affairs and how complaints and misconduct are handled. Looking at the demographicsRead MoreHistory Of Police Work During The United States1946 Words   |  8 Pages Since the beginning of police work in America, the system has changed from disorganized chaos into a well structured and rather complex network of communication, response efforts, and detection of lawless behavior. From the creation of the town watch to the transformation of the first police force in the colonies to the lawlessness of the old west and the efforts to revive efficient police work, America has been ever ad vancing its protection of those who live in the White House, the suburbs, theRead MoreOrigins of the Legal System in the United States1969 Words   |  8 Pagesevolved over time with its policing methods and bringing order to the society. The whole idea of policing has also evolved from political, economic, and social norms. In order to better understand the role of police officers and their place in society, we have learned about the history of policing in class. The history of policing has been already split into three different categories- The Political Era (1840- 1930), The Reform/Professional Era (1930-1980), and The Community Era (1980-Present). TheseRead MoreLaw Enforcement Within The United States2953 Words   |  12 Pagesfail! The results of their jobs do not only depend on their actions but also on the people. What this means is the community has a huge role when it comes to solving crime. Though many people may not believe it, they are the key to a successful crime pre vention community. The people of the United States don’t really understand both the positive and negative effects that community policing actually brings. Some may say it is very dangerous based on their experiences. Others may say it’s the best wayRead MoreEssay on Criminology - Advanced Surveillance3236 Words   |  13 Pagesconducted in London, that there may be as many as 4.2 billion CCTV cameras in the UK. This equates to 1 camera per 14 members of the population. (McCahill and Norris; 2003, cited in Norris et al 2004) There has clearly been an expansion of CCTV worldwide, however Urbaneye found that 40% of institutions in London had cameras in a public domain, where as this figure was notably lower in Berlin. (21%) In Berlin there was a few as 15 open street systems in an accessible public space, however in London this

Monday, December 23, 2019

Staggering Revelations About Big Data - 1234 Words

Staggering Revelations about Big Data According to the article, 2.8ZB of data has been created and replicated in 2012. The proliferation of devices such as PCs and smartphones worldwide, increased Internet access within emerging markets and the boost in data from machines such as surveillance cameras or smart meters has contributed to the doubling of the digital universe. IDC projects that the digital universe will reach 40 ZB by 2020, an amount that exceeds previous forecasts by 14%. Thus, data is not narrowed to big only; it is actually huge. Like, 40 ZB data is the equivalent of 1.7 MBs of new information created by the every single human for every second of the day. Developing countries like China and India are currently covering 36% of digital universe; the prediction says it will be increased up to 62% by 2020. So the companies will have numerous scopes to dig out more data and analyze them as per their requirement. Despite the unprecedented expansion of the digital universe due to the massive amounts of data being generated daily by people and machines, IDC estimates that only 0.5% of the world’s data is being analyzed. The amount of data that requires protection is growing faster than the digital universe itself. Less than a third of the digital universe required data protection in 2010, but that proportion is expected to exceed 40% by 2020. In 2012, while about 35% of the information in the digital universe required some type of data protection, only 19% of theShow MoreRelatedSeveral Entities That Were Considered Separate From Before1312 Words   |  6 Pagesseveral entities that were considered separate from before the consolidation, but now will be brought together under the parent company. Project Managers and management seem to be the only people who have knowledge about the roadmap of the project and what needs to be done (Pechau, 2011). 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Sunday, December 15, 2019

Racisim in Sports Free Essays

Comm 102KEREM MERAL Spring 200720050383 Valerie A. Tas? ran Second Draft Racism in Sports In the modernized and global world of today, it is necessary for people to get rid of their prejudices and learn to respect differences. Racism should be eliminated from all areas of life, including sports. We will write a custom essay sample on Racisim in Sports or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sport is meant that bring people from different backgrounds together to compete in equal conditions and provide interactions among them. No matter which country and ethnicity an athlete is from, once they are in an international competition, all should have equal rights. The only factor should be their skills and success. However, there are many cases when sportsmen or sportswomen face prejudices because of their ethnicity. There are even times when opportunities for them to choose their profession and become successful are limited because of their race. Although it is hard to prove acts of racism in sports, athletes show their reaction by letting authorities know about it, or talking to the press about the discrimination they face. The aim of sports should be providing equal opportunities for everyone and a peaceful atmosphere where people cooperate and compete at the same time. It should not give unequal rights and opportunities to a group because of their race while disregarding and discriminating another group. In this paper, the aim is to examine the issue of racism in sports and prove that it is in damaging levels for sportsmen that face it. First, historical facts and general information will be given about the effects of discrimination in sports. Then, cases of racism in sports will be analyzed by related examples. Finally, it will be concluded that authorities are not successful in eliminating racism in sports and this damages careers of athletes and players who face it. Some of the people who make racist movements are sport fans. Club owners see them as a source of income. If they punish these fans they will earn less money then before. Because of that they are afraid of punishing them. The sport players and athletes, who face to racism in the sport areas, lost their interest to sport. Some of them cannot carry this pressure and had to retire earlier. Racism has always been a controversial issue throughout the history. Many arguments have been made on the issue of racism and sport. Jarvie Reid (1997) focus in their article on the area of sport and racism. They claim that the â€Å"European intellectual constructions of racism have often been applied in a devastating manner in the field of sport† (Jarvie Reid, 1997, p. 211). In the other words, racism that emerged in Europe is started to appear in the sport fields, too. So, the historical developments on discrimination have also affected sports. Jarvie Reid (1997) further claim that discussions on racism lead to numerous racist beliefs about sporting skills of people. The early studies on racism between 1920s and 1960s in America paid attention to discrimination against black people. In South Africa, during 1948, apartheid had emerged. During the time, sport was seen as: â€Å"functionally supportive of and integral to a multi-racial South African society in which a plurality of groups competed within the framework of apartheid† (Jarvie Reid, 1997, p. 213). South Africa at that time had to be unfair, racist and ideological at the time because of the external pressures. This ideology regulated involvement in sport. It claimed that although sport has a kind of independence, it included â€Å"racial segregation and racial discrimination† (Jarvie Reid, 1997, p. 213). Writers in South Africa at that time believed that the racism in sports could be eliminated by external pressures. In 1960s and 1970s other efforts were made to explain race and race relations. One was the work of John Rex, who claimed that race relations caused different groups to be located in social stratification. For example, because of discrimination, blacks were put at the bottom of society. The demonstrations of American athletes in 1968, called â€Å"Black Power† were a reaction to this. The athletes believed that they were not given the treatment they deserved although they were very successful in Olympics. They said that they were being used and race relations were very bad. (Jarvie Reid, 1997)When racism was present in society, it was also seen in sports and protests occurred as a result. Jarvie ( 1991 ) claims that the non-racial sport movement in Africa, the Olympic Project for Human Rights, and other protests are examples of the attempts to prevent racism in sports. Finally, it is concluded that during the last century, many efforts were done in order to explain racism and race relations in sports. Racism in sport is in high levels and it results in disadvantage and a barrier for he group of people being subject to it. They are not given the same opportunities of involving in advertisements or occupying important managerial positions in sports. Let’s now introduce some evident cases of racism in sports from real life stories. First, as Lipman (1988) suggests, there is a lot of racism going on in sports marketing. When an advertiser wants to use an athlete in a commercial, f irst they will go to a white athlete. They are afraid of losing some consumers, because some consumers can show a negative reaction when they see a black athlete on a commercial of their supporting brand. Even if they are not completely racist, it doesn’t even cross their minds to choose a black athlete. They instinctively go to a white athlete. However, marketers and sports agent refuse to accept that they are being racist and Michael Goldberg -New York’s National Media Group, the sports-marketing firm that represents gymnast Mary Lou Retton- says that â€Å"to blame an athlete’s lack of endorsement success on race discrimination† is not right. (Lipman, 1988, p. 1) On the other hand, it is also true that some very successful and famous black athletes are not offered any role in advertisements. Although 8 of 12 best ranked athletes in US are black, only one black athlete; Michael Jordan was ranked in highest paid endorsers in Sports Marketing Newsletter. (Lipman, 1988) . This example shows that although not done clearly, there is a prejudice in sports advertisers to choose white athletes and ignore blacks. In most of the commercials white athletes take role instead of black athletes. Commercials owners prefer the white athletes. Another real life example on the discrimination in sports is given by Rainbow Forum on Race, Racism in Sports Media (1996). In the forum, it was said that although black athletes are dominant in the sport area, their numbers have declined in managerial and coaching positions in sports since 1980’s. For example, it was noted that there were few Blacks in managerial positions in the media. There were only 10 Black sports columnists in all the 1600 newspapers. Also, although NBA is 80 % black, NFL 67 % and Major League Baseball is 37% Black or Latino; about 80% of working population in offices in these leagues are white (1996). This shows that whites have an advantage over blacks or Latinos over occupying important positions in sports. Both examples show that because of racism in sports, some groups which are discriminated have a hard time in occupying positions in management or finding the same endorsement opportunities as whites. There are also some cases when racism in sports is so strong that it forces people to change their occupation. As Obley (2006) explain, the story of Oliver Purnell is a good real life example of how racism can affect the careers of sports players. Obley (2006) claims that â€Å"racism in America forced Purnell down another road† (p. 1). Purnell emphasizes that his aim was to play baseball which was almost his favorite sport, but he wasn’t allowed to play baseball in Little League during the 70’s because of the racial movements against him. Because of this, he started playing basketball and was very successful at it, and after some experiences as player, he took the position of coach. He became the first African-American head coach hired by Clemson at team Old Dominion. However, although he turned out to be successful in another area, his actual goal was to play baseball. Obley, 2006) As a result, because of racism in sports, he had to change his area and missed the chance of become a successful baseball player which was his initial purpose. But luckily, he showed his talents in another area, which is basketball. There may also be cases when talented people miss the chance of being recognized because of their races. Thyrone Willingham, a football coach at Stanford emphasized this by saying: in our count ry, not just in athletics, there is a great deal of talent we let go unnoticed. You see alent not being derived, not being noticed, not showing what it can do. There are a lot of people who could be doing the job I am doing, given the opportunity† (as cited in Shrophire, 1996, p. 20) So, it is seen that racism in sports can have important effects on the careers of sports players, Many talented people subject to racism might not be able to show their talents and become a successful sportsman or woman. There are a lot of talented people who couldn’t arrive to the success. It is not so easy that a talent arises suddenly and discovers it. Because of that people have to give more importance to these talented people and try to protect them from the racial rages. Although many athletes and other sports players often complain about events of racism, the authorities are not successful in taking action and eliminating discrimination. For example, as Carrington and McDonald (2001) explain, during the National Village Cricket Championship quarter-final in 1996, an Asian team sent an official complaint saying they were racially abused by members of the Caldy team from the Wirral. Although the Cricketer magazine, which â€Å"organized the competition, reprimanded the Wirral team for ‘sledging’ but took no action on the racial abuse† (Carrington McDonald, 2001, p. 54) Because of this, black and Asian cricketers believe that authorities don’t take racism serious and try to prevent it. The cricketing authorities failed to punish clubs and players which are guilty of racist actions. This way, they actually legitimize such acts. (Carrington McDonald, 2001). Also, sometimes authorities fail to realize and accept that there is racism. Unable to even accept its existence, they cannot take any action against it. As Dimeo and Finn (2001) explain, despite of clear evidence, there is a continuous rejection of racism in Scottish football. There is a belief that â€Å"racism is no problem here and racism is foreign to Scotland† (p. 29). Lipman (1988) also explain that sports agents and marketers fail to accept that institutionalized racism exist in advertising. So, in such cases, being unable even to accept the fact of racism, authorities may not take any action towards it. Finally, it is seen that authorities are not successful in attempting to eliminate discrimination from sports and there are a lot more steps to be taken. In the end, it has been shown that there are not always equal opportunities provided for people from different races in sports. There is an important degree of discrimination going on which has negative effects on athletes and other people engaged in areas of sports. Most of the time, this discrimination is recognized, but cannot be proved directly, because these racial movements mostly take place by oral way. Authorities cannot find any printed proof. Because of this discrimination, many talented people are being put in hard conditions for their career. Some of them had to retire earlier, some of them are moving around the country to find an area in which racism doesn’t appear. It has been shown that authorities were not able to take action to eliminate racism in sports. They should be more effective in punishing discriminatory acts in sports. To conclude, sports should aim to bring people from different ethnicities together in an environment which is free of biases, prejudices, and acts of racism. I How to cite Racisim in Sports, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Monster that Society Created Essay Example For Students

Monster that Society Created Essay Most Americans have some idea of who Frankenstein is, as a result of many Frankenstein movies and popularity of monster. However, most peoples ideas are incorrect about Mary Shelleys novel, Frankenstein is the name of the scientist, not monster, and the monster himself is not the inarticulate, rage-driven criminal that Robert de niro shows in the 1994 film version of the novel. Shelleys original Frankenstein was misrepresented by this Kenneth branagh film, most likely to send a different message to the movie audience than Shelleys novel shows to its readers. The conflicting messages of technologies deserve being dependent on its creator address by Shelley and poetic justice, or triumph over evil showed by the movie is best represented by the scene immediately preceding Frankensteins monsters death. In Shelleys novel, the final picture of Frankensteins monster reveals important qualities of his inner nature; he is shown in the last moments of his life to be felling, fully conscious of his guilt, and firm in his decision to end his life. This is the conclusion of a long series of events providing insight into how the monster changed as a result of his creators actions and the actions of the people with whom he came in contact. Up until this final point, he has changed from being good and hopeful to being caught up in the desire for a companion, to being evil and only focused on revenge. All these changes are recounted by the monster himself in this scene. Blackwoods Edinburgh Magazine He was at one point motivated by many good things like as virtue and honor, so much so that he wanted a companion to share in his happy life. When I first sought it , it was the love of virtue, the feelings of happiness and affection with which my whole being overflowed, that I wished to be participated. . . . Once my fancy was soothed with dreams of virtue, of fame, and of enjoyment. . . . I was nourished with high thoughts of honor and devotion. 154 He did not start out as an evil being, but rather was good by nature and exposed early in his life to good things. Allen, g. s Frankensteins and societys rejection of the monster, however, drove him to an uneven passionate pursuit for a companion. He forced Frankenstein to create a female monster, and he provided motivation by killing Frankensteins loved ones and threatening to kill more of them. The monster recalls in this final scene of Shelleys novel how his desire drove him to evil. . . . do you think that I was then dead to agony and remorse? He . . . suffered not more in the consummation of the deed;oh! Not the ten-thousandth portion of the anguish that was mine during the lingering detail of its execution. A frightful selfishness hurried me on. . . At that point in the novel, the monster has changed from good in nature to evil in nature. His own desires are more important to him than the well-being of others and he is willing to commit murder in order ensure the fulfillment of his desire. The second change the monster makes is becoming totally motivated by revenge. He becomes completely evil, not looking for a companion but only the unhappiness and suffering of Frankenstein, his creator. I was the slave, not the master of an impulse, which I detested, yet could not disobey. .. The contemplation of my demoniacal design became an insatiable passion. 153-4 although the monster may have wanted to behave in an honorable way, he give up to his anger and decided to live for the purpose of ruining the life of Frankenstein. All of these changes, though, after Frankenstein die. Upon seeing Frankensteins corpse, the monster is overcome by sorrow and remorse. He exclaims, Oh, Frankenstein! Generous and self-devoted being! What does it avail that I now ask thee to pardon me? .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 , .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .postImageUrl , .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 , .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3:hover , .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3:visited , .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3:active { border:0!important; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3:active , .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Catcher In The Rye Essay VoiceAt this point, Shelleys message about technology is most clear: Technologys benefits and dangers dependent on its makers. Throughout the book, various passages have hinted about this idea: The early philosophers work is disapproved because of the ideas that the scientists believed in, such as the philosophers stone. Though their technology laid some foundations for other scientists, their work was considered trash because of the creators themselves. The monsters changes and his ultimate fate mainly dependence on Frankensteins actions. Vlasopolos As we have seen, when Frankenstein rejects his monster, the monster seeks companionship of another form as a result of Frankensteins actions. When Frankenstein destroys the second monster he was working on, the monster changes his entire reason for living. This also is purely because of the creators actions. On a more appreciate level; the monsters predisposition for evil most likely was the result of the inventors state while he was working on his invention. Frankenstein was strike by an intense frenzy while he was working on his monster; as a result, he created an ugly creature that ultimately would be rejected by society and turn evil. The emotional state of the creator affected the technology he was responsible for. Shelleys message is a powerful one; however, it is messed up by the Kenneth branagh film version of her novel. In this version, the monster does not seem to undergo any changes at all, besides becoming angrier and seek for revenge. There is no clearer lesson to be learned about technology; in fact, one of the only messages showed by the movie is that of poetic justice, the bad guy getting what he deserves. The message about technology is ambiguous, but most likely has something to do with the mix-up of brain. Aldiss, brain w By the end of the movie, the monster has become bad evil, as he became in the book. The reason for this is unclearperhaps he has become more evil because he was scared by the people who had just chased him to the end of the world, or perhaps this is just the natural result of his criminal brain influencing his behavior. The message is that evil creates evil, which doesnt provide any new insights about technology; it can be applied to nearly any situation, especially one with a monster involved. The monster is not used as a demonstration of how the creator affects his technology. Instead he is used to scare the movie audience and portray a horrific evil resulting not from the creators actions, but various mistakes and torturing. Robert de niro portrayal of Frankensteins monster has created a false myth of an evil, unintelligent monster that is not at all similar to the one Shelley displays in her novel. Not only does the movie spread a false interpretation of Shelleys work, it provides the public with no lasting message about technology or about the effects of misplaced human love. Shall we then seek revenge? Shall we destroy that what is evil? Of course notShelley gave us all to learn a lesson of tolerance and of correcting our mistakes. Perhaps if a more accurate film version of Frankenstein were available to the public, more people would be motivated to read the book and learn Shelleys powerful message.